Feelings stirred up by a close friend often echo unresolved issues from childhood, like sibling rivalry or fear of abandonment, and unless those feelings are acknowledged, no amount of discussion can save the relationship

In my own life, I seem to have a knack for attracting needy friends. Even though I joke about my nonpaying “caseload,” I struggle to set limits.

“Women seem to be both hardwired and socialized to be nurturing,” says Sandy Sheehy, author of Connecting: The Enduring Power of Female Friendship (William Morrow). Sheehy tells the story of Martha, a graduate student, wife, and mother who felt sucked dry by an emotionally Trujillo girl beautiful dependent friend. After unsuccessfully trying the usual stop-calling-and-drift method, Martha found a way to extricate herself while allowing the other woman to preserve her dignity. She said, “I can’t be the friend you want me to be.” Sheehy says, “Martha took the burden of inadequacy on herself.” It’s like a boyfriend telling you, “I can’t love you the way you deserve,” instead of saying, “I don’t love you.”

Sheehy also recommends explicitly calling it quits if you have what she terms an enabling friendship. “Maybe you started out as drinking pals or shared a shopping jones, but now you want to stop the behavior that brought you together,” she says. “It’s more responsible to admit that you don’t think you can maintain intimacy and not binge than to pretend you can’t see her because you’ve suddenly taken up scuba diving.”

Although the troublesome twins-envy and jealousy-are at the root of many breakups, they’re more difficult to address gracefully. Ruth, a moderately successful painter, remained silent on the occasion of her friend Carolyn’s first solo art show. When Carolyn asked her why, Ruth said she thought it best not to respond because she hated the work. “It was obvious that she hated me for getting a one-woman show before she did, but she couldn’t admit it,” Carolyn says. The former bosom buddies haven’t exchanged a word since.

Sadly, many friendships end needlessly because we’re afraid to acknowledge conflict. “If you notice you’re withdrawing from someone who really matters to you, you have to ask yourself why,” Josselson says, adding that we anticipate tension in our relationships with men, but not with other women. But at some point, any meaningful friendship is bound to provoke difficult feelings. “Once you accept that, you can talk about things as they come up and there’s a good chance you’ll become closer,” she says.

The two women became joined at the hip when both were having marital problems. “It was almost like another marriage,” Paula says. “We did everything together.” Eventually, Paula and her husband resolved their differences, while Elaine and her husband parted. “I was terrified to tell Elaine that even though I still loved her, our friendship could no longer be as all-consuming,” Paula says. “But I knew that if I didn’t say something, I’d withdraw completely.” Fortunately, Elaine was able to adjust her expectations and the pair found a new way of relating that was comfortable for both.

Sometimes the conditions of a relationship change, especially one forged during a time of mutual crisis, but the unspoken contract on which the friendship is based stays the same-which is what happened to my cousin Paula and her best friend, Elaine

Despite our best intentions, talking doesn’t always repair the rift: Not everyone is able to listen without becoming defensive or blaming the other person. “My friend Gail seemed to have me confused with her older sister, whose attention she’d always craved,” says Joan. “I spent years trying to convince her that I really cared, but eventually I threw up my hands. I told her I didn’t have the time or energy to give her the constant reassurance she needed.” Gail felt hurt and rejected, and a 20-year bond was severed in a single phone call.